Abstract: Synovial sarcoma(SS) is a soft tissue sarcoma, derived from the joint, synovial and synovial sheath, so named for its classic performance around the joints. Synovial sarcoma could occur in any part of the body, but more common in the joints of the limbs. 95% of SS is characterized by t (X; 18) (p11.2-q11.2) chromosomal translocation, form a fusion gene SYT-SSX, thus to promote the formation of SS cells by Wnt/β-catenin, PcG and ERK signaling pathways. Moreover, TGF-β1, Smad, Snail and Slug are also involved in the development of SS by EMT. In addition, the pathogenesis of SS also involves many other factors, such as Twist1, Bmi1, etc. Recent studies indicate that these factors above contribute to the pathogenesis of SS. In this paper, we will review the role of these factors in the genesis and development of SS.