Abstract: Objective To discuss the mechanism of Xianglian tablets inhibiting the ulcerative colitis carcinogenesis in mice by investigating the expression of DKK-1mRNA,β-catenin and PCNA protein. Methods Sixty BALB/C mice were randomly divided into four groups, blank group, model group, Xiang lian tablet group, and salazosulfadimidine group. The rat model of carcinogenesis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of DMH and oral administration of DSS, with 18 weeks of modeling time and 10 weeks of medication. DKK-1mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR and the expression of β-catenin and PCNA protein were measured by immunohistochemistry. Results RT-PCR test showed Xianglian tablets increased DKK-1mRNA expression, compared with the model group(P<0.05). Immuneohistochemistry showed Xianglian tablets decreased the expressions of β-catenin and PCNA protein, compared with the model group(P<0.05). Conclusion The mechanism of Xianglian tablets inhibiting the mice ulcerative colitis canceration is associated with upregulating DKK-1mRNA expression and preventing Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction.