Abstract: Traditional Chinese medicine attaches great importance to the health Qi in the prevention and treatment of malignant tumors and emphasizes the concept of "harmonizing yin and yang until a balance is reached". Professor Liu Jiaxiang has established an academic system of "strengthening the health Qi to treat cancer" characterized by "putting people first" and "protecting the health Qi", emphasizing the regulation of the body's internal resistance (including immunity) to prevent and treat malignant tumors. The tumor immunotherapy has been proven effective in the field of pan-cancer and is considered as the most possible cure for cancer. This article deeply studies the scientific connotation of "health Qi" of human body and its role in tumor pathogenesis from the perspective of tumor immunology, which will promote the mutual promotion and integration of traditional Chinese medicine and oncology, and further improve the efficiency of prevention and control of malignant tumors in China through the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine.