Abstract: Objective To compare the therapeutic effect of radical surgery and radical curative radiotherapy on localized early stage (T1-2N0M0) prostate cancer patients, and to analyze the associated factors for biochemical recurrence. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data of 269 localized early stage prostate cancer patients treated with radical surgery or curative radiotherapy in The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, from April 2004 to April 2012. Multivariate logistic regression model was used for analyzing the risk factors of biochemical recurrence. Results Among 269 patients, PSA(prostate specific antigen) of 97 cases was increased significantly. There are several factors, T stage, Gleason score, PSA, hemoglobin(HGB) and obesity, indicated high risk for biochemical recurrence by univariate analysis(P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that T stage, Gleason score, PSA and obesity were independent high risks for biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer patients(P<0.05). The comparison between two radical treatments on biochemical recurrence rate demonstrated that the overall accumulate biochemical recurrence rate was 36.0%, thereinto, the accumulation biochemical recurrence rate was 36.5% (23/63) in radical group and 36.0%(74/206) in radical radiotherapy group; the trend of biochemical recurrence were consistent in two groups. Biochemical recurrence rates of two radical treatments were increased after two and five years. Conclusion T stage≥T2a, Gleason score≥7, PSA≥10ng/ml and obesity should be considered as the risk factors for biochemical recurrence. For early prostate cancer, radical surgery or radical radiotherapy could achieve similar effect; therefore, they could be selected by patients' physical conditions.