Abstract: Ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) are two major progresses in mass spectrometry (MS) in recent years, with a wide range of applications in research of biological samples. Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world. Early screening and diagnosis are the most important ways to change the severe situation. This paper mainly summarizes the progress of mass spectrometry and its application in lung cancer biomarker research.