Abstract: Objective To investigate the expression of SPARC and TGFβ1 in lung cancer tissue and the mutual relationship. Methods The expression of SPARC mRNA and TGFβ1 mRNA were detected in 71 cases of lung cancer and 30 cases of normal lung tissue by in situ hybridization. Results (1)The expression of SPARC mRNA in lung cancer was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissue (P<0.05). The expression of SPARC mRNA was mainly found in cancer cells and interstitial fi broblasts, and was related to the clinical stage and lymph node metastasis(P<0.05). (2) The expression of TGFβ1 mRNA in lung cancer was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissue (P<0.05). The expression of TGFβ1 mRNA in lung cancer was associated with tumor size, clinical stage and lymph node metastasis(P<0.05). (3) SPARC mRNA and TGFβ1 mRNA expression in lung cancer tissues had negative correlation (r=-0.356, P=0.002). Conclusion The high expression of SPARC mRNA could be correlated with inhibiting the progress of lung cancer, but TGFβ1 mRNA expression could be correlated with promoting the progress of lung cancer and participates in the transfer process of lung cancer. Both may play important roles in the occurrence and development of lung cancer.