Abstract: Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of concomitant chemo-radiotherapy(CRT) and simple radiotherapy on patients with advanced laryngeal cancer after total laryngectomy or subtotal resection, and to discuss the related prognostic factors. Methods We retrospectively analyzed records of 195 postoperative laryngeal cancer patients with radiation therapy in the department of radiotherapy, the First Affi liated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from Jan 1st, 2007 to Dec 30th, 2008. The methods of Kaplan-Meier, log-rank, Cox proportional hazard model were used to calculate the survival rate and prognostic factors. Results Five-year survival rates of patients underwent CRT and simple radiotherapy were 68.2% and 48.9% respectively(P<0.05). In univariate analysis, the survival and prognosis were related to radiation dose, age, treatment, tumor size, location, time between operation and the end of radiotherapy, and lymph node metastasis. In Cox multivariate model, age, treatment, time between operation and the end of radiotherapy, and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors. Conclusion Age, treatment, time between operation and the end of radiotherapy, and lymph node metastasis are independent prognostic factors for patients with laryngeal carcinoma. The survival rate could be improved by taking concomitant chemoradiotherapy, radiotherapy treatment within 11 weeks after the operation, constant follow-up, timely treatment on tumor recurrence and lymph node metastasis.