Abstract: Objective To investigate the risk factors of pulmonary infection within advanced NSCLC patients. Methods Retrospective clinical data of 107 NSCLC patients were collected from 2011 to 2012 in oncology department of our hospital. Thirty-three patients was suffered the pulmonary infection. The count data were analyzed using the chi-square test, the measurement data and the risk factors of pulmonary infection were analyzed using t test or logistic analysis,respectively. Results Of 107 patients with non-small cell lung cancer, 70 cases were male and 37 cases were female. The rate of pulmonary infection was 27.1% （19/70) in male and 37.8%（14/37) in female, respectively. The average age was 66.5 years old. From logistic analysis, the temperature, serum albumin level, chemotherapy, agranulocytosis,and accompanying diseases were exhibited signifi cant differences between the two groups. Conclusion In older patients with advanced NSCLC, the high temperature, low serum album level, agranulocytosis, and a history of diabetes were demonstrated as the major risk factors for pulmonary infection.