Abstract: Cancer is an increasing common disease in China. Currently, much progress of various kinds of treatments has been made in prevention of tumor recurrence and metastasis, but there is no significant prolongation in overall survival of the patients. Chinese medicine has notable advantages in improving patients' quality of life and prolonging their survival. According to the disease and pathogenesis characteristics of cancer, Fuzheng Peiben therapy is proposed as the basic rule in the treatment of malignancy in Chinese medicine, including Fuzheng Peiben monotherapy and combotherapy. Since its flexible formation and complex composition, the anti-tumor effect may be synergy results of multi-target and multi-channel. Modern research has shown that Fuzheng Peiben therapy can enhance and regulate the immune capacity,regulate the balance of tumor extracellular matrix, inhibit tumor cell proliferation, induce tumor cell apoptosis, suppress angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis and prevent the DNA mutations. We summarize recent mechanism research of Fuzheng Peiben therapy in the treatment of malignancy.