Abstract: Abstract：Objective To compare the disease burden of thyroid cancer between China and the world and different SDI regions from 1990 to 2021, and to quantify the contribution of population growth, aging and epidemiological changes, so as to provide reference for formulating targeted prevention and control strategies.Methods The data were derived from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database from 1990 to 2021.The trend of thyroid cancer disease burden was analyzed by Joinpoint regression model, and the distribution characteristics and internal structure differences of disease burden in different populations were visually displayed by visual maps. Das Gupta decomposition method was used to quantify the contribution of population growth, aging and epidemiological changes to the change of DALY rate.Results In 2021, the age-standardized mortality rate (0.043/100 000) and age-standardized DALY rate (1.147/100 000) of thyroid cancer in China were lower than those in the world and different SDI regions. The AAPC were 0.6209 and 0.7735 from 1990 to 2021, respectively. The proportion of YLD rate to DALY rate in all regions showed an upward trend.The highest burden of disease was found in men aged 70 years old, and the peak of global and different SDI regions was concentrated in older women. Aging is the main factor in the increase of China 's disease burden, with a contribution of 55.24%.Conclusion The burden of thyroid cancer in China is increasing, and the loss of healthy life years is the main component. There are differences in demographic characteristics of the disease burden between different regions, and the elderly male population is the focus of prevention and control in China. The main driving factor for the continuous increase of disease burden in China is aging.