肿瘤防治研究  2015, Vol. 42 Issue (3): 280-284
本刊由国家卫生和计划生育委员会主管,湖北省卫生厅、中国抗癌协会、湖北省肿瘤医院主办。
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文章信息

徐可,王少龙,姜鹤群,张杰. 2015
XU Ke, WANG Shaolong, JIANG Hequn, ZHANG Jie. 2015
含奥沙利铂方案与FOLFIRI方案一线化疗对K-ras基因不同状态晚期大肠癌患者的疗效及预后影响比较
Comparison of Efficacy and Prognosis of Oxaliplatin-based Regimens and FOLFIRI Regimen as First-line Chemotherapy for Stage Ⅳ Colorectal Cancer Patients with Different K-ras Statuses
肿瘤防治研究, 2015, 42(03): 280-284
Cancer Research on Prevention and Treatment, 2015, 42(03): 280-284
http://www.zlfzyj.com/CN/10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2015.01.015

文章历史

收稿日期:2014-03-13
修回日期:2014-06-23
含奥沙利铂方案与FOLFIRI方案一线化疗对K-ras基因不同状态晚期大肠癌患者的疗效及预后影响比较
徐可, 王少龙, 姜鹤群, 张杰    
610500 成都,成都医学院第一附属医院肿瘤科
摘要目的 探究含奥沙利铂方案与FOLFIRI方案对Ⅳ期结直肠癌化疗疗效及预后影响的差别与K-ras基因状态的关系。方法 收集2010年1月至2012年1月的118例接受含奥沙利铂方案或FOLFIRI方案化疗的Ⅳ期结直肠癌患者临床资料,统计患者的治疗有效率(ORR)、疾病控制率(DCR)、无进展生存时间(PFS)和总生存期(OS)。采用χ2检验比较各组临床因素差别和两种治疗方案的有效率及疾病控制率,采用Kaplan-Meier法比较无进展生存时间以及总生存期。结果 118例患者中,接受含奥沙利铂方案化疗的K-ras突变型患者PFS及OS较接受FOLFIRI方案化疗患者延长(P=0.048;P=0.037),ORR及DCR较接受FOLFIRI方案化疗患者无明显差别(P=0.961;P=0.931)。接受含奥沙利铂方案化疗的K-ras野生型患者ORR、DCR、PFS及OS较接受FOLFIRI方案化疗患者无明显差别(P=0.900;P=0.802;P=0.738;P=0.904)。结论 采用含奥沙利铂方案一线化疗较FOLFIRI方案对K-ras突变型Ⅳ期结直肠癌患者更有优势,而对于K-ras野生型Ⅳ期结直肠癌患者,含奥沙利铂方案与FOLFIRI方案疗效及预后情况相当。
关键词大肠癌     化疗     K-ras基因     奥沙利铂    
Comparison of Efficacy and Prognosis of Oxaliplatin-based Regimens and FOLFIRI Regimen as First-line Chemotherapy for Stage Ⅳ Colorectal Cancer Patients with Different K-ras Statuses
XU Ke, WANG Shaolong, JIANG Hequn, ZHANG Jie    
Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
AbstractObjective To compare the efficacy and prognosis of oxaliplatin-based regimens and FOLFIRI regimen as the first-line chemotherapy for stage Ⅳ colorectal cancer patients with different K-ras statuses. Methods We collected clinical data of 118 stage Ⅳ colorectal cancer patients treated with oxaliplatin-based regimens or FOLFIRI regimen as the first-line chemotherapy from Jan. 2010 to Jan. 2012. The cumulative survival rate, objective response rate(ORR), disease control rate(DCR), progression free survival(PFS) and overall survival(OS) of the cases were calculated. Chi-square test was used to compare the differences of clinical factors, ORR and DCR between different groups. Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the differences of PFS and OS. Results Oxaliplatin-based regimens chemotherapy prolonged PFS and OS of the K-ras mutant patients compared with FOLFIRI regimen chemotherapy (P=0.048; P=0.037). ORR and DCR of the K-ras mutant patients treated with oxaliplatin-based regimens chemotherapy were not significantly different from those with FOLFIRI regimen chemotherapy (P=0.961; P=0.931). ORR, DCR, PFS and OS of the K-ras wide type patients treated with oxaliplatin-based regimens chemotherapy were not significantly different from those with FOLFIRI regimen chemotherapy (P=0.900; P=0.802; P=0.738; P=0.904). Conclusion Oxaliplatin-based regimens as the first-line chemotherapy is more beneficial than FOLFIRI regimen as the first-line chemotherapy for K-ras mutant stage Ⅳ colorectal cancer patients; however, the efficacy and prognosis of K-ras wild type stage Ⅳ colorectal cancer patients were not significantly different between oxaliplatin-based regimens and FOLFIRI regimen chemotherapy.
Key words: Colorectal cancer     Chemotherapy     K-ras     Oxaliplatin    
0 引言

据2013年最新统计,结直肠癌(coloretal cancer,C R C)新发病例数及死亡率均位居各类恶性肿瘤的第三位[1]。确诊结直肠癌后大约5 0 %~ 6 0 %的患者发生肝、肺、腹膜等远处转移[2]。据临床资料统计,远处转移已成为当前结直肠癌患者的最主要死因[3]。如何提高Ⅳ期结直肠癌患者的疗效已成为结直肠癌临床治疗研究的重点。

目前Ⅳ期结直肠癌的治疗以化疗为主[4]。Van Culsem等[5]研究表明:结直肠癌K-ras基因状态与抗EGFR靶向治疗药物疗效有关,西妥昔单抗等抗EGFR靶向药物对K-ras野生型肿瘤的疗效较突变型肿瘤的疗效佳。此后,K-ras基因状态与结直肠癌生物学行为的相关性成为了国内外学者研究的热点,现已证实K-ras基因突变在结直肠癌发生、发展中发挥着重要作用。对于K-ras不同基因状态的临床治疗研究也逐步深入。近期Lin等[6]在对不同K-ras基因状态的晚期结直肠癌治疗研究中发现:含奥沙利铂化疗方案对K-ras突变型患者更具疗效。本研究为进一步明确现有化疗方案疗效及对Ⅳ期结直肠癌患者预后影响差别与K-ras基因状态的关系,为临床治疗晚期结直肠癌患者提供参考。1 资料与方法1.1 研究对象

收集2010年1月至2012年1月成都医学院第一附属医院收治的118例接受含奥沙利铂方案或FOLFIRI方案化疗的Ⅳ期结直肠癌患者的临床资料,入组患者均经病理组织学证实为结直肠癌,并且组织标本均采用直接测序法对K-ras基因状态进行检测,远处转移均有相关影像学等资料支持,所有入组患者均为首诊结直肠癌Ⅳ期,在整个治疗过程中未接受靶向药物治疗,化疗前后均未接受任何肿瘤相关治疗。ECOG评分均≤2分,血、尿常规、肝、肾功能及心电图等化疗前检查均未提示化疗禁忌。入组患者至少接受2周期化疗,最长可持续使用至疾病进展或出现患者难以接受的不良反应而停止。两类方案都使用过的患者未入组研究,见表 1

表 1 118例Ⅳ期结直肠癌患者的临床资料 Table 1 Clinical data of 118 stage Ⅳcolorectal cancer patients
1.2 治疗方法

含奥沙利铂方案为:(1)FOLFOX方案:奥沙利铂85 mg/m2,静脉滴注2 h,d1;亚叶酸钙 400 mg/m2,静脉滴注2 h,d1;5-Fu 400 mg/m2,静脉推注,d1,然后5-Fu 2400 mg/m2持续静脉滴注48 h。每2周为1周期。(2)XELOX方案:奥沙利铂130 mg/m2,静脉滴注2 h,d1;卡培他滨1 000 mg/m2,口服,每日2次,持续14天。每3周为1周期。FOLFIRI方案:伊立替康180 mg,静脉滴注30~90 min,d1;亚叶酸钙400 mg/m2,与伊立替康同时滴注,持续时间相同,d1;5-Fu 400 mg/m2,静脉推注,d1,然后5-Fu 2 400 mg/m2,持续静脉滴注48 h。每2周为1周期。所有接受化疗的患者均予以预防呕吐等处理。1.3 随访及评价

治疗过程中以2周期为间隔行全面复查评价治疗,治疗后2年内每3月复查1次,2年后每半年复查1次。118例患者全部采用电话随访,无失访病例。随访至2014年1月20日,随访时间为2~48月,中位随访时间为20月。其中死亡99例,存活19例。疗效评价采用RECIST法,分为CR、PR、SD、PD,CR+PR为有效,总体有效率(overall response rate,ORR),CR+PR+SD为疾病可控制,疾病控制率(disease control rate,DCR),无进展生存期(progression free survival,PFS),总生存期(overall survival,OS)。1.4 统计学方法

使用SPSS17.0软件进行统计分析。采用χ2检验比较各组临床因素差别和各组治疗有效率及疾病控制率,采用Kaplan-Meier法比较无进展生存时间以及总生存期。全部检验均为双侧检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。2 结果 2.1 含奥沙利铂方案与FOLFIRI方案化疗对K-ras突变型Ⅳ期结直肠癌疗效的差异

30例接受含奥沙利铂方案化疗的K-ras突变型Ⅳ期结直肠患者ORR、DCR、PFS及OS分别为:26.7%、46.7%、5月(3.57~6.43月)、22月(20.99~23.01月)。22例接受FOLFIRI方案化疗K-ras突变型Ⅳ期结直肠患者ORR、DCR、PFS及OS分别为:27.3%、45.5%、3月(2.03~3.97月)、13月(10.38~15.62月)。接受含奥沙利铂方案化疗的K-ras突变型患者较接受FOLFIRI方案化疗患者O R R及D C R差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.002,P=0.961;χ2=0.008,P=0.931)。接受含奥沙利铂方案化疗的K-ras突变型患者PFS及OS较接受FOLFIRI方案化疗患者延长(χ2=3.907,P=0.048;χ2=4.328,P=0.037),见表 2图 12

表 2 Ⅳ期结直肠癌患者不同K-ras基因状态下不同化疗方案疗效及预后情况对比Table 2 Efficacy and prognosis of stage Ⅳcolorectal cancer patients with different K-ras status treated with different chemotherapy regimens
A:OS of the K-ras mutant patients; B:OS of the K-ras wide-type patients 图 1 Ⅳ期结直肠癌患者不同K-ras基因状态下使用不同化疗方案后OS对比Figure 1 OS of stage Ⅳcolorectal cancer patients with different K-ras status treated with different chemotherapy regimens
2.2 含奥沙利铂方案与FOLFIRI方案化疗对K-ras野生型Ⅳ期结直肠癌疗效的差异

3 9例接受含奥沙利铂方案化疗K-ras野生型Ⅳ期结直肠患者ORR、DCR、PFS及OS分别为:28.2%、51.3%、4月(3.20~4.80月)、21月(19.91~22.10月)。27例接受FOLFIRI方案化疗K-ras野生型Ⅳ期结直肠患者ORR、DCR、PFS及OS分别为:29.6%、48.1%、3月(0.97~5.04月)、21月(17.41~24.59月)。接受含奥沙利铂方案化疗的K-ras野生型患者ORR及DCR较接受FOLFIRI方案化疗患者无明显差别(χ2=0.016,P=0.900;χ2=0.063,P=0.802)。接受含奥沙利铂方案化疗的K-ras野生型患者P F S及OS较接受FOLFI RI方案化疗患者差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.112,P=0.738;χ2=0.014,P=0.904),见表 2图 12

A:PFS of the K-ras mutant patients; B:PFS of the K-ras wide-type patients 图 2 Ⅳ期结直肠癌患者不同K-ras基因状态下使用不同化疗方案后PFS对比Figure 2 PFS of stage Ⅳcolorectal cancer patients with different K-ras status treated with different chemotherapy regimens
3 讨论

近年来对晚期结直肠癌患者的治疗国内外存在广泛争议,由于转移灶往往无法彻底切除、肿瘤姑息性切除的适应症少,全身性化疗仍是目前首选的初始治疗模式[4]。随着分子靶向药物贝伐单抗、西妥昔单抗、帕尼单抗等问世,常规一线化疗方案结合靶向制剂广泛用于治疗Ⅳ期结直肠癌,治疗有效率得到明显提升,Bokemeyer等研究发现经典FOLFOX方案结合西妥昔单抗有效率可达61%[7]。但随着靶向药物临床研究的深入,大量研究证明只有K-ras基因野生型患者才能从西妥昔单抗联合化疗中获益[8,9,10]。目前国内外报道结直肠癌原发灶中K-ras基因突变率为30%~50%,其中12、13密码子突变>95%,12密码子突变率高于13密码子[11,12]。那么如何提高K-ras突变型Ⅳ期结直肠癌患者的疗效并改善其预后情况逐渐成为临床工作者们棘手的难题,在现有化疗方案中如何进行选择也是大家十分关注的问题。国内外大量研究已经证实奥沙利铂方案和FOLFIRI方案用于晚期结直肠患者疗效无明显差异[13],早期国内孙燕等利用含奥沙利铂方案治疗晚期结直肠癌患者有效率达34%[14],国外研究结果表明FOLFIRI化疗方案一线治疗晚期大肠癌有效率为39%~56%[13,15]。在结合靶向治疗方面,两类方案的选择疗效亦不存在明显差异。但为了对晚期结直肠癌患者进一步选择个体化方案,我们根据K-ras基因状态不同开展了此次研究,通过回顾性分析K-ras突变型Ⅳ期结直肠癌患者治疗情况时发现,接受含奥沙利铂方案化疗的患者PFS及OS明显高于接受FOLFIRI方案化疗患者,从而认为采用含奥沙利铂方案化疗较FOLFIRI方案对K-ras突变型Ⅳ期结直肠癌患者更有优势,这与Lin等[6]的近期研究结果相符。同时本研究中发现K-ras突变型患者在接受含奥沙利铂方案化疗后组内疗效差异大,考虑这种现象是否与K-ras点突变位点不同、原发病灶与转移瘤病灶K-ras基因状态不一致等因素有关,这些问题有待进一步研究分析。在对K-ras野生型患者进行研究时发现,两类方案疗效无明显差异,组别间比较K-ras突变型患者ORR、DCR亦无明显差异,故对于部分拟行化疗争取根治切除手术机会的患者来说,含奥沙利铂方案及FOLFIRI方案选择无明显差异,由于本研究病例数不足,行预后因素分析误差大,故不能进一步体现含奥沙利铂方案是否为K-ras突变型患者独立预后影响因素,这有待积累大样本进一步加以分析验证。

综上所述,对于K- r as突变型Ⅳ期结直肠癌患者,应该选择较FOLFIRI方案更有优势的含奥沙利铂方案行一线化疗。今后我们可以通过结合K-ras、nras、pten、braf、Pik3ca等基因状态系统性对比化疗方案疗效,从而进一步明确现有化疗方案选择的合理性,体现个体化治疗原则。

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