Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Colorectal Polyps in Middle-aged and Elderly Patients and Risk Factors Analysis of Adenomatous Polyps

Objective: To investigate the risk factors associated with the occurrence of colorectal adenomatous polyps and provide a basis for early screening and diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
Methods: A total of 1,527 cases of colorectal polyps detected via colonoscopy at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, from April 2023 to June 2024, were selected as the study subjects. Data on patients' sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle and dietary habits, clinical history, laboratory tests, and endoscopic features were collected and compared across different pathological types of polyps. The colorectal polyps were categorized into adenomatous and non-adenomatous groups based on their pathology. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the impact of these factors on the occurrence of colorectal adenomas.
Results: Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age, obesity, and a history of smoking were independent risk factors for the occurrence of colorectal adenomas (P<0.05). Patients with poorer cognitive function had a higher risk of developing colorectal adenomas compared to those with normal cognitive function (P<0.05). In terms of polyp pathological features, lesions located in the rectum and polyps with a flat or laterally spreading morphology were more likely to be non-adenomatous (P<0.05). The likelihood of adenomatous pathological changes increased significantly with the size of the polyps (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Advanced age, obesity, smoking, cognitive impairment, colon lesions, pedunculated polyps, and larger colorectal polyps are associated with a higher risk of adenomatous pathology.