Abstract: Smers of gastroscope-brushing Cytology in 49 patients were examined with Ar-gyrophilie nucleolar organizer regionstain technique, the final diagnoses were based on the pareffin-embowered tissue sections, among which 16 adenocarcinomas, 21 squamous cell carcinomas 5 atypical dysplasias and 7 chronic inflammations. Rsscults showed that the mean number of AgNoR_s increased in proportion to the severity of lesion of the squamous cells; and more AgNoR_s in adenocareinoma cell than that in normal glandular epithelium cell were observed (P<0.05); Agnors in cancer cell are different from that in normal cells in amount, shage, size and disstri-bution within nucleus. The Conformance rate of cytology to histology increased from 75.51% to 83.67% by means of AgNoR_s determination. It suggested that Ag-NoR_s is a comparatively senstive index to reflect proliferative activity of cells in gas-troscope-brushing cytology. and may apply more practical utilization to general sur-vey of esophgeal and gastric diseases.