Abstract: In 1991, The Eighth Five-year Scientific projects of China choose Chixian as thefield to carry out its population-based esophagus cancer prevention study. To providebase data to the whole study project, screening of cytological examination was initiatedin 9 rural districts and towns in 1992 during which a total of 126187 peraons were examined by dropped-cell pathological procedures. 179 cases of esophagus patients werediagnosed, which yields an incidence rate of 142 per 100000 and an prevalence rate of1068 per 100 000. Besides esophagus cancer cases also screened out were 172 NearCancer cases(with a incidence rate of 136 per 100000 and a prevalence rate of 1026 per 100000), Stage two Severe Hyperplasia cases 866 (the incidence rate 686 per 100 000and prevalence rate 170 per 100000), Stage one Severe Hyperplasia cases 3179(the incidence rate 2519 per 100000 and the prevalence rate 1898 per 100000), Slight Hyperplasia cases 5346 (Incidence rate 4237 per 100000 and prevalence rate 31920 per 100000). The screeniflg completion was 71.4 per cent. The survey provides an example for exophagus cancer field study for its big size, high Completion rate and cancer pre-cancer patients screened out.