Abstract: To probe for the prophylaxis and treatment for Acute respiratory Distress syndrome(ARDS) folloWing resection of esophageal or cardiac carcinoma, 11 cases were studied. Theresults showed that the patients who had chronic Obstructive pnlmonary diseaes (CVPD), hypertension, senility or somoking for a long time were subject to ARDS, Injury to lung inoperation,overload infusion in and/or after operation, shock or apnea also caused ARDS, The treatment included clearing away respiratory tract secretion, keeping respiratory tractfree assistent ventilation, controlling pulmonary infection, Early executing tracheotomy ortracheointubation was the kempoint in rescuing pationt successfully. Lung function testmust be analysed synthetically with the clinical findings before operation.