Abstract: The present paper is to explore the clinical value and ill reaction to selective arterial drug perfusion on rectal cancer. Methods :chemotherapy of selective arterial perfusion was used in the treatment of 48 cases of rectal cancer in their inferior mesenteric internal iliae artery. Results :(1) CR 0%,PR 35 4%,MR %,effective rate 35 4%.(2) 40 cases show obvious focus fibrosis at 2nd stage operation.Postoperative pathological analysis conformed a widespread inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroplastic proliferation.(3) An apparent arrest in the foundation of bone marrowand obvious toxic side reaction in gastrointestinal tractwere found.(4) Complications:After operation peritonitis appeared in 5 cases,among which were 2 of intestinal obstruction,and 1 necrosis of left hemicolon. Conclusion :The chemotherapy of selective arterial drug perfusion before an operation reduce the tumor.Thus increases excision rate as well as decreases local recurrence rate and possiblity of cancer merastasis.However,it also leads to some toxic side reaction and possible intestinal obstruction and necrosis.