Abstract: Objective To study the risk factors of esophageal can cer in Rugao Jiangsu. Methods 　A 1∶1 matched casecontrol study was condu cted to investigate the risk factors for esophageal cancer TOtally,100 matched p airs were invesrigated. Results Single-factor analysis indicate d that there were significant associations between occurrence of esophageal cancer and familial history of esophageal cancer,positive serum, HBsAg,poverty,dentinalgi a for long period,smoking watery tobacco,alcohol drinking,taking meals at irre gu lar times,fast eating,hot food,pickled vegetables and fish or meat,being seri ous stimulation in mental,frequent sulking and blood group 0.Condition logistic r egr ession analysis showed that famililal history of esophageal cancer positive ser u m HBsAg,poverty,fast eating,frequent sulking and blood group 0 were included . Conclusion Inheritant factor,infection of HBV,poverty,fast eating,ps ych ogenic disorders may play important roles in the etiology of esophageal cancer, blood group 0 may have protective effect on it.