Abstract: Objective To elucidate the significance of cytology and E M observation in the differential diagnosis of lympho-hyperplasia and non-Hodg kin lymphoma. Methods The samples of fine needle aspiration with the 20 percent aganose as the back or the samples,we surveged 17 cases of lymphoma a nd 2 cases lymphadeno-hyperplasia in the general technology of aspiration sampl es for TEM and SEM and (Paraffin slide with H-E) some part of surgical resectio nal samples were stained with H -E. Results In lymph adeno-hyperplasia the cellular shape were varied and the cells dipersed diffuse l y and the large,small lymphocytes and plasma cells from T or B cell were seen. Conclusion With the diagnosis of fine needle aspiration assited by the electron microscope observation,the accuraly for lymphoma diaguosis could be im proved,in the same way,it is a comprehensive diagnosis method in which the sampl es are easily to obtain and the procedure can be carried out simply.