Abstract: Objective 　To evaluate the effect of ramosetron in controlling nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy. Methods 　Forty-three patients undergoing cisplatin-based chemotherapy received ramosetron to cont rol emesis. Ondanset ron was used as self-control in the previous or next course of the chemotherapy in the same patient . Results 　The effective rate of acute nausea and vomiting during the first 24 hours in ramoset ron group was significantly higher than that in ondanset ron group ( P < 0. 05) . The effective rate of nausea control in ramoset ron group was higher than that in ondansetron group between day 2 to day 3 af ter chemotherapy, and the effective rate of vomiting control in ramoset ron group was higher than that in ondanset ron group between day 2 to day 4 after chemotherapy ( P < 0. 05～0. 01) . The average nausea and vomiting periods in ramoset ron group was much shorter as compared to ondansetron group (50. 22/ 87. 80 and 31. 15/ 48. 40 hours respectively, P < 0. 05～0. 01) . Conclusion 　Ramosetron is effective and superior to ondanset ron in controlling of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting induced by cisplatin-based chemotherapy.