Abstract: Objective 　The purose of the study is to explore the primary risk factors of lung cancer in Wuhan city area and find the practical and fasible preventing measure. Methods 　With case-cont rol study measure and selecting 370 lung cancer patient s and 740 cont rol cases and with condition Logistic regression analysis method for single and multi-factors analysis, each risk factor PAR % was calculated. ResultsThe primary risk factors of lung cancer in Wuhan city are the chemical pollution in the dorr, smoking, passive smoking, stress, respiratory system diseases history and few fresh vegetable and fruits. The male lung cancer att ributing to the smoking proportion is higher ;and the female lung cancer mainly att ributes to few fresh vegetable and fruits, the body index, physical exercises and the cooking smoke. Conclusion 　The 90 % primary risk factors of lung cancer in Wuhan area are the stress, chemical pollution in door, smoking, passive smoking, few fresh vegetable and fruits, respiratory system diseases history, the cooking smoke, and more fresh vegetable and fruits taken, frequent physical exercises, mental health are protecting factors for lung cancer.