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2009—2019年江苏省肿瘤登记地区宫颈癌发病趋势及年龄变化分析

吴玲玲, 刘付东, 缪伟刚, 韩仁强, 周金意, 罗鹏飞

吴玲玲, 刘付东, 缪伟刚, 韩仁强, 周金意, 罗鹏飞. 2009—2019年江苏省肿瘤登记地区宫颈癌发病趋势及年龄变化分析[J]. 肿瘤防治研究, 2024, 51(11): 945-950. DOI: 10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2024.24.0357
引用本文: 吴玲玲, 刘付东, 缪伟刚, 韩仁强, 周金意, 罗鹏飞. 2009—2019年江苏省肿瘤登记地区宫颈癌发病趋势及年龄变化分析[J]. 肿瘤防治研究, 2024, 51(11): 945-950. DOI: 10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2024.24.0357
WU Lingling, LIU Fudong, MIAO Weigang, HAN Renqiang, ZHOU Jinyi, LUO Pengfei. Trend of Cervical Cancer Incidence and Age Change in Cancer Registration Areas of Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2019[J]. Cancer Research on Prevention and Treatment, 2024, 51(11): 945-950. DOI: 10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2024.24.0357
Citation: WU Lingling, LIU Fudong, MIAO Weigang, HAN Renqiang, ZHOU Jinyi, LUO Pengfei. Trend of Cervical Cancer Incidence and Age Change in Cancer Registration Areas of Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2019[J]. Cancer Research on Prevention and Treatment, 2024, 51(11): 945-950. DOI: 10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2024.24.0357

2009—2019年江苏省肿瘤登记地区宫颈癌发病趋势及年龄变化分析

基金项目: 江苏省老年健康科研项目(LMK2022006)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    吴玲玲(1989-),女,硕士,主管医师,主要从事慢性病预防与控制研究,ORCID: 0009-0004-6819-4400

    通讯作者:

    罗鹏飞(1987-),男,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事慢性病预防与控制研究,E-mail: lpfei215@live.cn,ORCID: 0000-0002-3358-1070

  • 中图分类号: R737.33

Trend of Cervical Cancer Incidence and Age Change in Cancer Registration Areas of Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2019

Funding: Research Project of Elderly Health in Jiangsu Province (No. LMK2022006)
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  • 摘要:
    目的 

    分析2009—2019年江苏省肿瘤登记地区女性宫颈癌的发病趋势及年龄变化情况。

    方法 

    选取2009—2019年肿瘤登记数据连续、完整且符合质量标准数据资料,最终纳入16个肿瘤登记处的数据进行趋势分析。统计分析指标包括宫颈癌的粗发病率、标化发病率、平均发病年龄、标化平均发病年龄、平均年度变化百分比(AAPC)等。通过构建出生队列模型,分析2009—2019年出生女性的宫颈癌发病率及其发病趋势。

    结果 

    2009—2019年江苏省女性宫颈癌的粗发病率的AAPC为5.62%(95%CI:3.47~7.82),标化发病率的AAPC为4.14%(95%CI:2.06~6.27),二者均呈上升趋势。农村宫颈癌的标化发病率(AAPC=4.46,95%CI:1.13~7.91)上升幅度要高于城市(AAPC=3.83,95%CI:2.81~4.86)。女性宫颈癌实际发病平均年龄从2009年的51.53岁增长至2019年的55.07岁(β=0.36,P<0.05),标化平均发病年龄从2009年的48.89岁增加到2019年的50.43岁(β=0.21,P<0.05)。2019年60岁及以上宫颈癌构成比为31.90%,高于2009年的22.40%(β=3.66,P<0.05),且相同年龄组出生年份不同的人群,随着出生年份推移宫颈癌的发病率呈上升趋势。

    结论 

    2009—2019年江苏省宫颈癌的发病率呈上升趋势,农村地区变化趋势比城市地区更明显,平均发病年龄呈上升趋势。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective 

    To analyze the changing trends of the incidence and onset age of cervical cancer in Jiangsu Province by using cancer registration data from 2009 to 2019.

    Methods 

    The information of national cancer registries with continuous data from 2009 to 2019 was selected, and the quality control indices of cancer registration must be up to standards. A total of 16 registries were included in this study. Statistical analysis indicators include the crude incidence rate of cervical cancer, age-standardized incidence rate, actual average onset age, age-standardized average onset age, and average annual percentage change (AAPC). A birth cohort model was constructed to analyze the incidence of cervical cancer among women born from 2009 to 2019 and its incidence trend.

    Results 

    From 2009 to 2019, the crude and age-standardized incidence rates of cervical cancer among women in Jiangsu Province showed upward trends, with AAPCs of 5.62% (95%CI: 3.47−7.82) and 4.14% (95%CI: 2.06−6.27), respectively. The incidence rate of cervical cancer in rural areas (AAPC=4.46, 95%CI: 1.13−7.91) increased more than that in urban areas (AAPC=3.83, 95%CI: 2.81−4.86). The actual average onset age of cervical cancer increased from 51.53 years in 2009 to 55.07 years in 2019 (β=0.36, P<0.05). The age-standardized average onset age increased from 48.89 years in 2009 to 50.43 years in 2019 (β=0.21, P<0.05). The age composition ratios of cervical cancer in the age group of 60 years and older were 31.90% in 2019 and 22.40% in 2009 (β=3.66, P<0.05). The incidence of cervical cancer in the same age group of people with different birth years showed an upward trend with the increase in birth year.

    Conclusion 

    From 2009 to 2019, the incidence rate of cervical cancer in Jiangsu Province showed an upward trend, and this trend was more obvious in rural areas than in urban areas. In addition, the average onset age of cervical cancer showed an upward trend.

     

  • 辛二酸苯胺异羟肟酸(SAHA,商品名伏立诺他)属于Ⅱa型组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制(HDACi),是一类新的抗肿瘤药物。组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDCA)的功能异常与肿瘤的发生、发展有直接关系,研究发现在多种肿瘤中均发现了HDAC表达的改变,如胃癌、乳腺癌、胰腺癌、直肠癌、前列腺癌和肝癌等[1]。SAHA是第一个被美国FDA批准用于治疗T细胞型淋巴瘤的组蛋白去酰化酶抑制剂。前期动物实验和早期临床试验证实SAHA能够有效抑制肿瘤新生血管生成,诱导细胞凋亡和阻滞细胞周期[2-4]。紫杉醇是目前临床上常用的肿瘤化疗药物,紫杉醇能够识别有丝分裂特定分裂周期的微管蛋白特性,并与这种微管蛋白上的特异性位点结合,抑制了微管蛋白的解聚能力和癌细胞的有丝分裂。有研究发现SAHA和紫杉醇联合使用能够增强对卵巢癌的抑制效果[5]。体外和体内实验结果表明,多西他赛能够和SAHA协同作用,诱导Bcl-2家族蛋白和微管蛋白的表达从而通过胞内和胞外的凋亡途径诱导前列腺癌细胞的死亡[6-7]

    本研究拟在体外探讨SAHA与紫杉醇联用对宫颈癌细胞凋亡和周期的影响,从而为宫颈癌临床治疗方案中SAHA与紫杉醇联合用药提供参考。

    本实验所用人宫颈癌HeLa细胞来源于深圳大学医学院王晓梅教师课题组。

    胎牛血清、DMEM培养液购自美国康宁公司,细胞级DMSO购自美国Life公司、MTT粉末、SAHA购自美国Gibco公司、紫杉醇购自美国Selleck公司,细胞凋亡检测试剂盒购自北京全式金生物技术有限公司,细胞周期检测试剂盒购自杭州联科生物有限公司。

    人宫颈癌细胞HeLa接种于100 ml培养瓶中,用含10%的胎牛血清、10 000 u/L的青霉素和0.1 g/L的链霉素的DMEM培养液培养,置于37℃、5%CO2的恒温培养箱培养,待细胞长满70%~80%培养瓶时,用含0.25%EDTA的胰酶进行消化、计数、传代。

    胰蛋白酶消化培养细胞5 min后,见细胞变圆收缩,加入含10%FBS DMEM培养液终止消化,吹打细胞至完全分散为单细胞悬液,培养液定容后计数细胞,接种于96孔培养板(1×104个/孔)。将培养板移入CO2恒温培养箱,在37℃、5%CO2及饱和湿度条件下培养12 h后弃上清液,分别加入含SAHA(10 μmol/L)、紫杉醇(10 nmol/L)和SAHA(10 μmol/L)+紫杉醇(10 nmol/L)的DMEM培养液120 μl。并设立对照组,对照组只加入120 μl的空白培养液。每个浓度设立6个复孔,继续将培养板移入培养箱中培养24、48 h后分别每孔加入5 g/L MTT 20 μl,继续培养4 h后,吸去上清液,加入150 μl的DMSO溶液,振荡培养板10 min,用酶标仪检测490 nm处吸光度,测量每孔吸光度值(OD),计算细胞抑制率。抑制率=100%-(OD实验组/OD对照组)×100%。

    两种药物联合使用药效计算公式:Q=E(AB)/[(EA+EB)-EA×EB],其中EA表示药物A的抑制率,EB表示药物B的抑制率,E(AB)表示二者联合使用时的抑制率,Q > 1.5为协同作用,0.85 < Q < 1.5为相加作用,Q < 0.85拮抗作用。

    取对数生长期的HeLa细胞,用胰蛋白酶消化培养细胞,待细胞变圆收缩,加入含10%FBS的DMEM培养液终止消化,吹打细胞至完全分散为单细胞悬液,培养液定容后计数细胞,接种于6孔板中(2×106个/孔),将6孔板移入培养箱中培养12 h。12 h后弃去上清液,分别加入含有SAHA(10 μmol/L)、紫杉醇(10 nmol/L)和SAHA(10 μmol/L)+紫杉醇(10 nmol/L)的DMEM培养液120 μl。并设立对照组,对照组只加入120 μl的空白培养液。将6孔板移入培养箱中培养24 h后进行细胞凋亡检测,采用北京全式金生物技术有限公司的细胞凋亡检测试剂盒对上机前样品处理(TransDetect Annexin V-FITC/PI Cell Apoptosis Detection Kit),具体操作步骤按照试剂盒说明书进行,完成后上机检测。

    收获经不同实验组处理24 h的HeLa细胞进行细胞周期检测,采用杭州联科生物的细胞周期检测试剂盒(Cell Cycle Staining Kit)对上机前样品处理,离心去除上清液,轻弹管壁,使沉淀的细胞团重新悬浮于残余液体中,分别加入1 ml常温灭菌的PBS溶液。将细胞缓慢加入至3 ml的-20℃的无水乙醇中,于4℃冰箱固定过夜。800 r/min离心5 min,弃去无水乙醇,再加入3 ml灭菌的PBS溶液,常温下放置15 min,使细胞再次水化。800 r/min离心5 min,弃去上清液。加入1 ml DNA染色液,涡旋振荡5~10 s,完全混匀。室温下避光孵育30 min后用流式细胞仪检测HeLa细胞周期。

    采用SPSS16.0软件进行统计学分析,分析值比较采用单因素方差分析,实验结果以均数±标准差表示,Student’s t检验,P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

    SAHA单独作用24 h后的HeLa细胞形态呈梭形,见图 1B,紫杉醇单独作用24 h后的HeLa细胞形态呈圆皱形,见图 1CSAHA和紫杉醇联合用药处理的HeLa细胞兼具两者单独使用的特点,见图 1D,且单独紫杉醇组和联合用药组均出现较多漂浮的HeLa细胞。HeLa细胞24 h的抑制率分别为紫杉醇组(25.14±1.83)%、SAHA组(46.19±2.13)%、SAHA+紫杉醇联合用药组(51.59±1.30)%。48 h的细胞存活率分别为紫杉醇组(29.57±1.63)%、SAHA组(65.69±1.56)%、SAHA+紫杉醇联合用药组(77.2±1.37)%。SAHA与紫杉醇联合用药组24和48 h的细胞增殖抑制率高于单独紫杉醇组(P=0.00028, P=0.00011)和SAHA组(P=0.11089, P=0.00036),差异具有统计学意义,见图 2。随着时间的延长,SAHA组和SAHA与紫杉醇联合用药组的抑制效果也逐渐增强。根据金式公式计算发现,当作用24 h时,SAHA与紫杉醇具有相加作用(Q=0.861),随着作用时间的延长,当作用48 h后(Q=1.25),两者仍为相加作用。由此可知,SAHA与紫杉醇联合使用能够更好的抑制HeLa细胞的增殖。

    图  1  不同实验作用24 h后HeLa细胞的形态
    Figure  1  Morphology of HeLa cells after different experiments for 24h
    A: control group; B: SAHA group; C: paclitaxel group; D: SAHA+paclitaxel group; bar=100 μm
    图  2  SAHA与紫杉醇联合对HeLa细胞增殖抑制的作用
    Figure  2  Inhibitory effect of SAHA combined with paclitaxel on proliferation of HeLa cells
    ***: P < 0.001, compared with SAHA+paclitaxel group; ###: P < 0.01, compared with SAHA+paclitaxel group; n=4

    SAHA组、紫杉醇组及SAHA+紫杉醇联合用药组的HeLa细胞的凋亡率分别为(6.44±0.86)%、(7.23±1.49)%和(16.22±3.38)%,均高于对照组的(5.14±0.44)%(P=0.0333, P=0.0765, P=0.0227);且联合用药组HeLa细胞的凋亡率分别高于紫杉醇组、SAHA组(P=0.01435, P=0.0214),见图 3。表明紫杉醇和SAHA均能诱导HeLa细胞的凋亡,但两者联合可以显著增加HeLa细胞的凋亡率,从而提高诱导HeLa细胞凋亡的能力。

    图  3  不同实验处理后HeLa细胞的流式图(A)和凋亡率(B)
    Figure  3  Flow pattern of cell apoptosis(A) and apoptotic rate(B) of HeLa cells after different experimental treatments
    *: compared with control group; #: compared with SAHA group; &: compared with paclitaxel group

    SAHA组作用24 h后HeLa细胞周期阻滞于G0/G1期(90.07±1.39)%、S期(3.88±1.47)%,紫杉醇组作用24 h后HeLa细胞周期阻滞于G0/G1期(33.48±6.64)%、S期(40.77±4.43)%,SAHA+紫杉醇联合用药组作用24 h后HeLa细胞周期阻滞于G0/G1期(84.22±2.07)%、S期(11.67±1.28)%,三组比较差异有统计学意义,见表 1图 4。G0/G1期和S期均为细胞有丝分裂过程中DNA复制时期,因此,SAHA与紫杉醇联用更能抑制HeLa细胞有丝分裂过程中的DNA合成。SAHA与紫杉醇联用组的HeLa细胞中存在大量的多倍体(图 4中黄色部分),而二者单独使用组均没有出现多倍体,见图 4,说明SAHA与紫杉醇联用能够抑制HeLa细胞有丝分裂过程中的DNA复制。

    表  1  不同实验处理后HeLa细胞周期分期
    Table  1  HeLa cell cycle staging after different experimental treatments
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格
    图  4  不同实验处理后HeLa细胞周期流式图
    Figure  4  Flow pattern of HeLa cell cycle after different experimental treatments

    目前,随着表观遗传学在肿瘤领域研究的不断深入,组蛋白乙酰化酶抑制剂(HDACi)作为一种高效低毒的靶向性抗肿瘤药物已经引起人们的广泛关注。目前已有HDACi上市,如伏立诺他(SAHA)和曲古菌素A(TSA)作为治疗药物在临床中得到了应用。其他更多的HDACi,如MS275、LBH589和PXD101等,则正在进行相应的临床前的研发阶段[8]

    本研究结果显示,SAHA与紫杉醇联合使用能够显著抑制HeLa细胞的增殖,当处理24 h时,二者具有相加作用,随着作用时间的延长,当处理48 h后,两者虽仍为相加作用,但Q值逐渐变大,接近协同作用。HeLa细胞凋亡实验结果表明,SAHA与紫杉醇联合使用能够显著增强诱导HeLa细胞的凋亡能力。流式细胞术检测HeLa细胞周期发现SAHA与紫杉醇联合使用能够显著降低G2的细胞数量,增加G1期和S期的细胞数量。细胞在G1期合成RNA和核糖体,S期为DNA合成阶段,主要合成DNA和组蛋白,G1期和S期为细胞有丝分裂过程中DNA合成和复制时期,细胞处于G2期时DNA合成终止,但大量合成RNA及蛋白质,包括微管蛋白等。G1期和S期细胞数量增多,表明细胞DNA的合成和复制受到抑制,不足以支持向下一个周期转进。Saelen等研究发现SAHA与卡培他滨联合使用辅以放射线能够有效抑制结直肠癌细胞增殖,并在结直肠癌的移植动物模型中显著抑制体内肿瘤生长[9]。Hwang等研究发现SAHA与多西他赛协同作用,诱导前列腺癌细胞的死亡[6]

    本研究对于SAHA和紫杉醇联合诱导宫颈癌细胞HeLa凋亡的分子机制研究尚不深入,有待进一步研究。猜测可能原因是SAHA和紫杉醇的作用位点不一致,SAHA靶向作用于细胞核中染色体上的组蛋白,而紫杉醇的作用位点位于细胞质的微管和微丝,由于作用位点的不一样而具有一定的互补性,从而起到协同作用。总之,SAHA与紫杉醇联合作用于宫颈癌HeLa细胞时,通过抑制细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,阻滞细胞周期,从而增强抗肿瘤的能力。

    Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
    利益冲突声明:
    所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
    作者贡献:
    吴玲玲:收集、整理及分析数据、撰写论文
    刘付东、缪伟刚、韩仁强、周金意、罗鹏飞:文章审阅及修改
  • 图  1   2009—2019年江苏省宫颈癌标化发病年龄别构成比(%)

    Figure  1   Age-adjusted constituent ratio of cervical cancer incidence in Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2019 (%)

    图  2   2009—2019年江苏省城乡人群的出生队列宫颈癌发病率(1/10万)

    Figure  2   Incidence rate of cervical cancer among populations born in different cohorts in urban and rural areas of Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2019 (1/100000)

    图  3   2009—2019年江苏省分城乡不同年龄宫颈癌的发病率(1/10万)

    Figure  3   Incidence of cervical cancer at different ages in urban and rural areas of Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2019 (1/100000)

    表  1   2009—2019年江苏省不同地区宫颈癌发病趋势(1/10万)

    Table  1   Incidence trend of cervical cancer in different areas of Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2019 (1/100000)

    Year Urban Rural Total
    Incidence Age-standardized rate Incidence Age-standardized rate Incidence Age-standardized rate
    2009 9.92 8.03 12.47 9.53 11.14 8.73
    2010 11.93 9.29 12.78 9.31 12.34 9.27
    2011 12.20 9.37 13.42 9.85 12.75 9.55
    2012 12.61 9.36 13.10 9.49 12.83 9.41
    2013 14.47 10.52 15.52 11.07 14.94 10.75
    2014 15.91 11.31 19.14 13.54 17.36 12.27
    2015 15.50 10.63 19.42 13.76 17.25 12.00
    2016 16.26 11.42 19.41 13.60 17.66 12.37
    2017 17.51 12.12 20.90 14.08 19.01 12.95
    2018 16.92 11.88 20.32 13.05 18.43 12.40
    2019 17.49 12.31 20.76 13.41 18.92 12.77
    AAPC 5.49(3.63−7.38) 3.83(2.81−4.86) 6.13(4.25−8.03) 4.46(1.13−7.91) 5.62(3.47−7.82) 4.14(2.06−6.27)
    T 5.89 8.61 7.55 2.64 5.21 3.94
    P <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.01 <0.001 <0.001
    Note: AAPC: average annual percentage change.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   2009—2019年江苏省宫颈癌平均发病年龄及标化平均发病年龄(岁)

    Table  2   Average age of onset and standardized average age of onset of cervical cancer in Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2019 (year)

    Year Actual average
    age of onset
    Standardized average
    age of onset
    Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total
    2009 50.61 52.33 51.53 47.75 49.97 48.89
    2010 50.93 53.96 52.43 47.73 51.20 49.39
    2011 50.71 53.33 51.96 47.89 50.29 48.98
    2012 51.83 53.70 52.70 48.89 50.98 49.81
    2013 52.37 53.85 53.06 49.18 50.66 49.85
    2014 53.74 53.75 53.75 50.00 50.87 50.43
    2015 54.04 53.91 53.98 50.85 50.81 50.82
    2016 53.30 54.55 53.91 50.04 50.77 50.38
    2017 54.00 55.58 54.77 50.53 52.11 51.25
    2018 54.09 56.10 55.07 49.91 52.18 50.93
    2019 53.92 56.31 55.07 49.61 51.41 50.43
    β 0.40 0.34 0.36 0.27 0.15 0.21
    T 6.81 6.70 14.10 4.11 3.15 5.33
    P <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.003 0.011 <0.001
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   2009—2019年江苏省宫颈癌60岁及以上年龄别发病构成比(%)

    Table  3   Composition of incidence of cervical cancer in Jiangsu Province in the age group of 60 years and above from 2009 to 2019 (%)

    Year Before age standardization After age standardization
    Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total
    200920.6023.9722.4015.6119.5517.62
    201022.2427.6524.9216.3222.7519.35
    201120.4325.7422.9715.3720.1817.55
    201222.5728.8925.4916.7623.3819.66
    201323.5426.4624.9017.0620.2718.43
    201426.9927.1127.0518.9721.2120.00
    201528.9727.7628.3620.8921.3721.06
    201626.4730.4828.4318.6422.3920.31
    201726.9933.2530.0318.4225.0521.43
    201829.4635.2432.2819.0426.0622.16
    201928.0036.1131.9017.9425.6521.43
    AAPC3.722.653.662.092.312.13
    T6.116.1610.693.183.485.47
    P<0.001<0.001<0.0010.010.01<0.001
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2024-04-19
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