Abstract: This article systematically elaborates on the origin and development of natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) in the treatment of colorectal tumors. By analyzing several retrospective studies, we summarize the scientific basis, feasibility, and clinical advantages of applying NOSES in the treatment of colorectal tumors. Additionally, the article points out certain limitations in terms of operational techniques and the selection of indications for NOSES, which require continuous optimization and improvement. Advancements in technology have enabled NOSES to become increasingly integrated with new technologies. Accordingly, its application prospects in colorectal surgery and across multiple disciplines are broadened.