Abstract: Approximately 50% of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are diagnosed at advanced stages and face a challenging prognosis despite the integration of targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and systemic chemotherapy into current standard care. A key factor in this context is trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP2), which is widely expressed in NSCLC and strongly associated with poor patient outcomes. This article examines the latest developments in the application of datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd, DS-1062), a novel antibody-drug conjugate targeting TROP2, in the treatment of NSCLC. It provides a detailed assessment of Dato-DXd’s technical design, evaluates its efficacy by using recent clinical trial data, and discusses its safety profile.