Abstract: Tumor is one of the diseases that seriously threaten human health. With the deepening of research, it is found that the role of DNA damage in the occurrence and development of tumors is more and more important. After DNA damage occurs, the body recognizes the type of injury and initiates a corresponding repair mechanism to maintain the normal state of the body. The DNA glycosylation enzyme SmuG1 acts as a key promoter of the base excision repair pathway, maintaining the gene stability of eukaryotes and playing an important role in genetic integrity. In recent years, it has been found that the abnormal expression of SmuG1 in tumor tissues is related to the pathological type of tumor, the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells, and the survival rate and drug resistance of patients. SmuG1 is expected to be a new tumor marker and potential therapeutic target.