Abstract: Lung cancer is one of the most common carcinomas in the world, with high morbidity and mortality. The development of next-generation sequencing has prompted the molecular biology of lung cancer. In recent years, great progress has been made in the research of the characteristics of genome and transcriptome variations of lung cancer. However, there is still a lack of research on the molecular mechanisms of the origin and development of lung cancer. In this review, we summarize the new findings of molecular characteristics in lung cancer and aim to provide the direction and basis for future research.