Abstract: Objective To explore the association of RFT2 functional SNP1172C>T and hereditary susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC). Methods Whole blood genomic DNA were extracted from 240 ESCC patients and 198 healthy people by paramagnetic particle method. RFT2 SNP 1172C>T was determined by sequencing after DNA purification and amplification. The frequency and its correlation with susceptibility to ESCC were then analyzed. Results Overall genotype frequencies of the RFT2 SNP1172C>T in ESCC patients were significantly different from those in healthy controls(χ²=13.10, P=0.001) For 1172C>T, C/T and T/T genotype did not show a relationship with the risk of ESCC, compared with C/C genotype(OR=0.66, 95%CI:0.41-1.05). Conclusion There is a close relationship between SNP1172C>T in RFT2 and hereditary susceptibility to ESCC.