Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of different treatment to Primary esophageal small cell carcinoma. Methods Fifty-eight patients with limit disease(LD) primary esophageal small cell carcinoma were collected from several hospital from Jan. 2000 to Jan. 2010. Eighteen cases of the 58 patients were treated by surgery +postoperative chemotherapy, twenty-three cases by non-concurrent radio-chemotherapy, and seventeen cases by concurrent chemo-radiotherapy. The Kaplan-Meier and log-rank methods were used to estimate survival time. Results The median survival time of surgical combined with chemotherapy was 15.2months; the 1-,2- and 3-year survival rates were 66.7%,33.3%and 16.7% respectively ; the median survival time of non- concurrent chemo-radiotherapy was 17.3 months; the 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates were 69.6%, 39.1% and 21.7% respectively; the median survival time of concurrent chemo-radiotherapy was 25.8 months; the 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates were 82.4%, 59.2% and35.3% respectively. Distant metastases of the surgical combined with chemotherapy, non- concurrent chemo-radiotherapy and concurrent chem.-radioyherapy, were 15 cases, 15 cases and 9 cases respectively. The local recurrence of the surgical combined with chemotherapy was higher than that of concurrent chem-radiotherapy(10 cases vs. 4 cases). Conclusion Concurrent chemo-radiotherapy was effective treatment to limit disease (LD) primary esophageal small cell carcinoma, and the reason of recurrence was distant metastases.