Abstract: Objective To evaluate the efficacy of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with small intestine primary malignancies; Methods The clinical and follow-up date of 55 patients with small intestine primary malignancies who underwent surgery from January 2001 to June 2010 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The primary end point was the median disease free survival rate and 1- and 2-year survival rates, affecting prognostics factors were evaluated. Results The median disease free survival time was 15.0 month for the chemotherapy group and 28.0 month for the surgery group.(P=0.035<0.05); the 1-year DFS was 61.1% and 73.7% respectively（P=0.351）,the 2-year DFS was 36.1% and 56.0%,respectively(P=0.481);the 1-year survival rate was 75.9% and 100%,respectively(P=0.001);the 2-year survival rate was 68.0% and 93.8%,respectively(P=0.025).The depth of tumor was a predictor of poor prognosis；however,the differentiation degree, stage, size and place of tumor had no significance of prognosis. Conclusion Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy may prolong the median disease free survival rate(P<0.05);both the surgery group and the postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy group has significant difference.The depth of tumor is a predictor of poor prognosis.