Abstract: Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects and toxicities of docetaxel plus thalidomide for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer as second-line chemotherapy. Methods This study was carried out as a prospective，randomized control clinical trial.46 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer were scheduled to receive chemotherapy (docetaxel plus thalidomide)as treatment group，39 patients were scheduled to receive chemotherapy (docetaxel only)as control group. Results The median time to disease progression was 5 months and 3 months(P=0.029).The median survival time was 9 months and 6 months(P=0.044). There were statistically significant differences between the two groups(P<0.05).Two groups of common adverse reaction were bone marrow suppression，digestive tract，hair loss，fatigue，reaction joint acid，lethargy，constipation，edema and peripheral neuropathy，etc.The difference of the treatment group and control group was of no statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusion Thalidomide accompanied docetaxel in advanced NSCLC is active effect，it can prolong survival time significantly and improve patient's life quality.