Abstract: Objective：To investigate the differential diagnosis value of 2D ultrasound and color Doppler which were utilized to diagnosis small breast cancer and hyperplastic nodule of mammary glands. Methods：2D sonogram and characteristic color Doppler of breast cancer and hyperplastic nodule of mammary glands were analyzed retrospectively. Separate criteria of tumor blood flow signal was Adler subjective grouping. SPV and RI of tumor were quantitatively analyzed by polse Doppler. Results：2D sonogram of small breast cancer and hyperplastic nodule of mammary glands all displayed obscure boundary, ratio in length and breadth >1, cornua on the surface of tumor, calcification focus and pone echo attenuation. Sensitivity of each index in malignant tumor was higher than in Hyperplastic nodule. There was statistical significance between small breast cancer and hyperplastic nodule of mammary glands（P<0.05）. Manifestation ratio of internal blood flow in breast cancer was 100%（46/46）and grades of blood flow were Ⅱ~Ⅲ. Manifestation ratio of internal blood flow in hyperplastic nodule was 25%（18/72）and grades of blood flow were 0~Ⅰ. Conclusion：If 2D ultrasound and color Doppler were utilized to diagnosis small breast cancer and hyperplastic nodule of mammary glands, the differential diagnosis radio would be elevated and 2D ultrasound and color Doppler would be higher clinical value to utilize.