Abstract: Objective To investigate the expression of SHP-1 and JAKs mRNA in the primary acute myloid leukemia(AML) patients and their impact on leukemogenesis. Methods The expression of SHP-1 and JAKs mRNA in AML patients、CR and 19 healthy adults as normal controls(NC) was measured with FQ-PCR and RT-PCR. The relationship between the expressions of SHP-1 and JAKs was analysed. Results The expression of SHP-1 mRNA in de novo AML patients was significantly lower than that in CR(P＝0.032) and NC group(P=0.000),and so was the relapsed. CR was achieved and decreased again after the disease replased（P＜0.05）;the expression of JAK1 mRNA in NC group was lower than that in relapsed AML（P=0.047）and de novo AML, but the latter has no statistical significance（P=0.051）. The expressions of JAK2、JAK3 and TYK2 in AML were significant higher than CR and NC(P＜0.05). There was a negative correlation between SHP-1 and JAK1、JAK3 mRNA （P＜0.05）. Conclusion SHP-1 gene is a potential anti-oncogene. There was a negative correlation between SHP-1 and JAKs mRNA, which indicates that SHP-1 downregulates the JAKs signaling pathway in AML cells not only by decreasing the phosphorylation of JAKs, but also by negatively modulating JAKs mRNA expression.