Abstract: Objective To investigate the characteristics of genic changes from Barrett's esophagus to esophageal adenocarcinoma by cDNA microarray. Methods The cDNA as probe marked by Cy3 and Cy5 was reverse transcription from equal quantity mRNA of esophageal carcinoma and Barrett's esophagus tissues and control normal esophageal epithelium which were all from one patient with esophageal adenocarcinoma. The mixed probes were hybridized with two pieces gene chip respectively. It was scanned by laser scanner ScanArray4000. The acquired images were analyzed by software GenePix Pro3.0. Results A total of 214 genes were screened out which transcriptional levels were 2 times in hybridization of esophageal adenocarcinoma than normal esophageal epithelium,whereas 90 genes in hybridization of Barrett's esophagus compared with normal epithelium. A parallel comparison among these two gene profiles showed that 45 genes with 24 downregulation and 21 upregulation which transcriptional levels were more than 2 times between the Barrett's esophagus and the esophageal adenocarcinoma. Among these, there were 27 genes with 18 downregulation and 9 upregulation which corresponded with the tendencies of progress from Barrett's esophagus to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Conclusion These genes or their products which implicates the tendencies can be choosen as indicators of carcinogenesis with high risk index of Barrett's esophagus.