Abstract: Objective To study all kinds of factors' effect on survived period by the clinic analysis in 29 cases of anorectal malignant melanoma tumor. Methods With the follow-up of five years' clinical observation, the age,the sex,the scope which the mass infiltrated to the rectal axis,the size,regional lymph node transference and effect of treatment methods on survived period,were compared in order to find out more effective treatment mothods to prolong the survived time. Results Anorectal malignant melanoma has no special clinical manifestation,so it is easy to be confused with rectal carcinoma,rectal polyp and thrombtic.It must be diagnosed by pathology.Given early diagnosis,Miles operation and regional lymph node cleaning and chemotherapy,immunotherapy after operation,the patients can prolong the survival time.It is not ideal with single chemotherapy and radio therapy. Conclusion It is the effective ways to prolong the survival time by strenghtening the knowledge,definite diagnosis,synthetical treatment which mainly rely on the miles operation and immunotherapy,chemotherapy after operation.