Abstract: cases of esophagus leiomyoma were diagnosed by barium meal X-ray examination from 1982 to1992 in our hospital. 42 of which were pathologic confirmed by surgical operation and/or endoscopichigh frequency electrotomy. The artical analysis the X-rays findings and disscussed the causes of itsmisdiagnosis and differtial diagnosis espcially, so as to enhance to recognize the X-ray manifestation ofesophagus leiomyoma.