Abstract: During 1975～1996,32 cases with primary esophageal adenocarcinoma were treated in our hospital. All patients were treated by surgery and confirmed by pathology.One cases of them survived more than 3 years, The prognosis was worse than that of the squamous cell carcinoma of the esophageal. Histological origins, histopathological classification, biological characteristic, diagnosis, surgical treatment and combination therapy of the primary esophageal adenocarcinoma simplex were discussed respectively for the purpose of raise the standard of living and the survival rate of patients.