Abstract: Objective 　To study clinicophcthologic significance of expression of p53, MDR genes in esophogeal squamous cell carcinoma and cancerous beside. Methods 　Histochemisty ABC and RT-PCR method was used to detect the expression of p53, MDR genes in 50 carcinoma and 37 cancerous beside. Results 　p53 gene protein was marked expression in the cancer 68 %(34/ 50), and was expression in the cancerous beside 59 %(22/ 37), among 54 %(13/ 24) was normal, 69 %(9/ 13) was atypical hyperplasia ; Expression of Mdr-1 was marked difference, in turmor of high middle, low differentiation, has marked difference in cancer and normal tissue, and both no differences in ages, sex, size of tumor. Conclusion 　p53, MDR genes was high level experssion in the esophagus carcinoma MDR was experssioned in the cancerous beside, p53 gene mutation was early than change of histology forming.