Abstract: Objective To observe change regularity of trace element in the esophagus and hair of various age groups in high risk area of esophageal carcimona. Methods Trace element quantities in 229 normal esophageal tissue and hair samples of various age groups were determined by x-rag energy-dispersive-spectrometer scanning electron microscope and atomic obsorption spectrophotometry in the esophagus. Results ① Zinc、selenium and molybdenum in the esophagus were decreased and copper、calcium、nickel and Cu/Zn rate were increaesd with age growing gradually,② calcium alteration in the hair was different from that in the tissue,change of selenium in hair was not obvious. Conclusion During surveillance esophageal cancer and precancerous lesion change,it should be thought about variety tendency to determine result of tissue、serum and hair entirely,Accurate theory dependence was provided to clinic prophycactico-therapactic of esophageal cancer and precancerous lesion.