Abstract: Objective To investigate the anesthetic management of the patient with a mediastinal mass. Methods The anesthetic management about three hundred and thirty-five cases with mediastinal mass have been retrospectively studied. Results Severe respiratory and cardiovascular complications have been found in twenty-five patients with mediastinal mass.But no death in all of the patients happened. Conclusion No special management in the patient with small mediastinal mass was neened.The patient with large mediastinal mass or airway obstruction due to a mediastinal mass is at great risk for general anesthesia.Nondepolarixing muscle relaxant can be used in patient with thymoma and myasthenia gravis.But neuromuscular transmission should be adequately monitored during and after surgery.