Abstract: Liver cancer ranks among malignancies with high global incidence and mortality rates, presenting significant therapeutic challenges. The NF-κB signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in pathogenesis, progression, and treatment of liver cancer, where its aberrant activation is intricately linked to tumor cell proliferation and the dysregulation of apoptosis. In recent years, targeting the inhibition of this pathway has become an important research direction in the treatment of liver cancer. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), characterized by multicomponent nature and multitarget effects, exhibits unique advantages in the management of liver cancer. In this article, the regulatory mechanisms of the NF-κB signaling pathway in liver cancer are systematically reviewed, and the research progress on how TCM exerts antitumor effects by inhibiting this pathway and inducing apoptosis in liver cancer cells is summarized. This work provides a theoretical basis and new insights for the study of single compounds and compound formulations of TCM against liver cancer.