Abstract: Venetoclax is clinically used for the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies by selectively targeting and inhibiting the B cell lymphoma-2 signaling pathway. Side effects include hypocytosis, bone marrow suppression, and gastrointestinal tract reactions. In some patients, numerous tumor cells are destroyed within a short time period because of rapid apoptosis induced by venetoclax, resulting in metabolic crises, leading to acute kidney injury, electrolyte disorders, cardiac arrhythmia, and even death, causing tumor lysis syndrome (TLS). In this paper, the pathological process, molecular mechanism, clinical pathogenesis, and preventive strategy of TLS induced by venetoclax are systematically described. This research provides a theoretical basis for the rational clinical application of venetoclax.