Abstract: Venetoclax is clinically used in the treatment of hematopoietic malignant tumors by selectively targeting and inhibiting the B cell lymphoma-2 signaling pathway, and the side effects include hematopoiesis, bone marrow suppression, and gastrointestinal tract reactions, etc.In some patients, due to the rapid apoptosis induced by Venetoclax, a large number of tumor cells are destroyed in a short period of time, resulting in acute kidney injury, cardiac rhythm disorder, and even death, which leads to tumor lysis syndrome.In some patients, the rapid apoptosis of tumor cells induced by venetoclax and the short-term destruction of a large number of tumor cells resulted in metabolic emergencies triggered by venetoclax, leading to acute renal Impairment, electrolyte disorders, cardiac arrhythmia and even death, and the emergence of Tumor Lysis Syndrome.In this paper, the pathological process, molecular mechanism, clinical pathogenesis and preventive strategy of TLS induced by venetoclax are systematically described, which provides a theoretical basis for rational clinical application.