Abstract: Gastric cancer remains a significant public health challenge globally, posing a severe threat to human health. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the key to the primary prevention of gastric cancer. In April 2025, the World Health Organization-International Agency for Research on Cancer (WHO-IARC) released the new version of the Gastric Cancer Working Group Report. The report systematically details essential components for the implementation of population-based H. pylori screen-and-treat strategies, including an assessment of needs and readiness, selection of detection methods and treatment regimens, antibiotic stewardship, improvement of quality and equity, and optimization of cost-effectiveness, aiming to provide scientific guidance for global gastric cancer prevention efforts. This article presents a comprehensive review and in-depth analysis of the WHO-IARC report. This article explores the report's implications for developing and implementing cost-effective, localized, population-based H. pylori screen-and-treat strategies in the context of gastric cancer prevention and control in China.