Abstract: With continuous advances in cancer treatment, clinical oncology therapies have grown increasingly diverse. However, the rapid uptake of these novel therapies has driven up healthcare costs and complicated value assessments. The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) have introduced the ESMO Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale and the ASCO Value Framework, respectively, to evaluate the clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness of anticancer interventions scientifically. This paper presents a detailed overview of the development, scoring structure, and practical application of both tools, with the goal of supporting clinical trial design and treatment decision-making in oncology.