Abstract: With the changing disease spectrum, the incidence of tumors is high and tends to affect younger individuals. The long-term survival rate of cancer patients has increased significantly, and their reproductive rights are increasingly being noticed. Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and biological targeted therapy are commonly used clinical anti-tumor treatments, which have varying degrees of impact on patients' fertility. Currently, common fertility preservation techniques include sperm cryopreservation, embryo and oocyte cryopreservation, ovarian tissue cryopreservation, uterine transplantation, assisted reproductive technology, etc. This article systematically summarizes the impact of different anti-tumor treatments on fertility, as well as the current status and prospects of fertility preservation in cancer patients，aiming to facilitate better cooperation between clinical oncologists and reproductive medicine doctors to improve fertility preservation for cancer patients.