Abstract: Liver cancer is a significant global disease burden with a major impact on population health, and it is one of the important concerns in terms of public health worldwide. Cancer risk prediction models can estimate an individual’s absolute risk of developing cancer. Individual risk assessment allows targeted screening of high-risk populations, which is essential for primary and secondary cancer prevention. In this review, we examine existing epidemiological studies to explore key issues in the design, predictive variables, and performance of risk prediction models for liver cancer in the general population. The aim is to provide an important reference for the future development of highly comprehensive liver cancer risk prediction models.