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超级增强子在肿瘤转移中的作用机制研究进展

Role and Mechanism of Super-enhancers in Tumor Metastasis

  • 摘要: 超级增强子(SEs)是由基因启动子上游或下游附近的一大簇活性增强子组成,是维持肿瘤细胞特性所必需的。SEs的改变可引起肿瘤细胞转录程序的失调,导致肿瘤细胞高度依赖于SEs驱动的转录,形成“转录成瘾性”。肿瘤转移是肿瘤患者死亡的主要原因,已有研究表明SEs通过影响长链非编码RNA、肿瘤微环境、上皮-间质转化、肿瘤干细胞等调控肿瘤转移过程。本文总结了SEs的特点、功能及其与肿瘤转移的关系,以及针对SEs驱动的基因转录抑制剂,以期为SEs调控肿瘤转移的相关机制提供参考,为癌症转移患者的诊断、治疗提供新的视角。

     

    Abstract: Super-enhancers (SEs) are large clusters of enhancers located near the promoter and are necessary to determine the identity of cancer cells. The alterations of super-enhancers can cause dysregulation of the transcriptional program, which resulted in tumor cells being addicted to certain transcriptional programs. Tumor metastasis is the leading cause of death in cancer. Recently, SEs have been demonstrated to facilitate tumor metastasis by regulating lncRNA generation, tumor microenvironment, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and cancer stem cells. In this review, the characteristics of SEs, the relationship between SEs and tumor metastasis, and inhibitors against SEs are summarized to provide a reference for the relevant mechanism of SEs regulating tumor metastasis and provide new perspectives for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cancer metastasis.

     

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