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系统免疫炎症指数和肿瘤标志物与肺癌骨转移的相关性

唐敏, 李桂香

唐敏, 李桂香. 系统免疫炎症指数和肿瘤标志物与肺癌骨转移的相关性[J]. 肿瘤防治研究, 2022, 49(12): 1252-1257. DOI: 10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2022.22.0422
引用本文: 唐敏, 李桂香. 系统免疫炎症指数和肿瘤标志物与肺癌骨转移的相关性[J]. 肿瘤防治研究, 2022, 49(12): 1252-1257. DOI: 10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2022.22.0422
TANG Min, LI Guixiang. Correlation of Systemic Immune Inflammatory Index and Tumor Markers with Bone Metastasis of Lung Cancer[J]. Cancer Research on Prevention and Treatment, 2022, 49(12): 1252-1257. DOI: 10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2022.22.0422
Citation: TANG Min, LI Guixiang. Correlation of Systemic Immune Inflammatory Index and Tumor Markers with Bone Metastasis of Lung Cancer[J]. Cancer Research on Prevention and Treatment, 2022, 49(12): 1252-1257. DOI: 10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2022.22.0422

系统免疫炎症指数和肿瘤标志物与肺癌骨转移的相关性

详细信息
    作者简介:

    唐敏(1995-),女,硕士,住院医师,主要从事恶性肿瘤的内科治疗

    通讯作者:

    李桂香(1964-),女,硕士,主任医师,主要从事恶性肿瘤的临床化疗,E-mail: lgx.doctor.007@163.com

  • 中图分类号: R734.2

Correlation of Systemic Immune Inflammatory Index and Tumor Markers with Bone Metastasis of Lung Cancer

More Information
  • 摘要:
    目的 

    评估肺癌患者治疗前系统免疫炎症指数(SII)、肺癌肿瘤标志物CEA、Cyfra21-1、NSE对肺癌骨转移的预测及诊断价值。

    方法 

    回顾性分析618例肺癌患者临床资料,根据基线时是否骨转移,对诊断组(基线时已经发生骨转移患者和随访未发生骨转移患者)与预测组(随访发生骨转移患者与随访未发生骨转移患者)进行数据分析,确定上述指标与肺癌骨转移的相关性。

    结果 

    预测组:Logistic单因素分析显示SII≥850、NSE≥58.64 ng/ml是肺癌骨转移的独立危险因素和独立预测因素。SII+NSE组合模型曲线下面积为0.662,敏感度为54.5%,特异性为74.5%,优于单一因素预测价值(95%CI: 0.596-0.728, P < 0.001)。诊断组:Logistic回归分析结果显示肺腺癌、SII≥951.6、CEA≥5.14 ng/ml、NSE≥20.15 ng/ml、Cyfra21-1≥3.94 ng/ml是肺癌患者发生骨转移的独立危险因素(P < 0.05),SII单独诊断肺癌骨转移的曲线下面积为0.754,SII+Cyfra21-1组合模型曲线下面积最大,AUC为0.82,敏感度为74%,特异性为78.5%,并优于任何单因素曲线下面积(P < 0.05)。

    结论 

    SII、CEA、Cyfra21-1、NSE在骨转移组水平均显著高于非骨转移组,当SII联合其他单一危险因素时,预测价值及诊断价值进一步提高。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective 

    To evaluate the value of the systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), CEA, Cyfra21-1, and NSE in predicting and diagnosing bone metastasis of lung cancer.

    Methods 

    The clinical data of 618 patients with lung cancer were retrospectively analyzed. According to the bone metastasis at baseline, the data of the diagnosis group (patients with bone metastasis at baseline and patients without bone metastasis during follow-up) and the prediction group (patients with bone metastasis during follow-up and patients without bone metastasis during follow-up) were analyzed to determine the correlation between the above indicators and lung cancer bone metastasis.

    Results 

    Predictive group: SII≥850 and NSE≥58.64 ng/ml were independent risk factors and independent predictors for lung cancer bone metastasis. The AUC of the combined SII+NSE model was 0.662, with a sensitivity of 54.5% and a specificity of 74.5%; it was superior to the predictive value of single factor (95%CI: 0.596-0.728; P < 0.001). Diagnostic group: lung adenocarcinoma, SII≥951.6, CEA≥5.14 ng/ml, NSE≥20.15 ng/ml, and Cyfra21-1≥3.94 ng/ml were independent risk factors for bone metastasis in lung cancer patients (P < 0.05). The AUC of SII alone in the diagnosis of lung cancer bone metastasis was 0.754. The AUC of the SII+Cyfra21-1 combined model was 0.82 which was the largest, with a sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 78.5%; it was superior to any univariate AUC (P < 0.05).

    Conclusion 

    The levels of SII, CEA, Cyfra21-1, and NSE in the bone metastasis group are significantly higher than those in the non-bone metastasis group. The predictive and diabnostic values would be improved further when SII combined with other single risk factors.

     

  • 食管胃交界部腺癌(adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction, AEGJ)是我国常见的消化道恶性肿瘤之一,随着肿瘤的发展,肿瘤细胞分泌多种细胞因子抑制细胞免疫[1]。手术创伤所造成的炎性应激反应将进一步抑制细胞免疫反应,但具体机制尚不明了[2]。T淋巴细胞是细胞免疫的重要组成部分,而消化道肿瘤根治术后T淋巴细胞将显著减少,进而抑制细胞免疫能力[3]。既往研究显示:手术创伤所造成的细胞免疫功能障碍在术后1周内较为明显[4]。我们在前期研究中已证实AEGJ患者术后T淋巴细胞明显减少[5]

    本研究回顾性分析102例进展期AEGJ行经腹根治性切除+D2淋巴结清除术患者围手术期外周血T淋巴细胞亚群比例及程序性死亡受体1(programmed cell death 1, PD-1)和淋巴细胞激活基因3(lymphocyte-activation gene 3, LAG-3)在T细胞上的表达水平,了解其在根治性手术创伤抑制细胞免疫功能中的作用。

    收集2015年1月—2017年12月安阳市肿瘤医院腹部肿瘤外科手术治疗的进展期AEGJ患者,其中102例符合入组标准作为实验组,并行经腹根治切除+D2淋巴结清除术,围手术期给予常规处理。研究对象的纳入标准:(1)术前经胃镜活检病理确诊为腺癌;(2)排除远处转移;(3)年龄40~70岁;(4)无手术禁忌证并无术前肿瘤治疗;(5)无其他恶性肿瘤病史及放化疗史;(6)签署知情同意书,并要求手术治疗;(7)术中确诊侵犯浆膜和(或)发现区域肿大淋巴结,而且未发现腹盆腔种植灶。所有病例手术标本均经病理学检查证实,并获得安阳市肿瘤医院生命科学伦理审查委员会审查同意。选同期健康体检志愿者为对照组,共87例,均无恶性肿瘤病、代谢疾病、免疫系统疾病病史。实验组和对照组两组间比较,年龄、性别、身体质量指数、并发症率差异均无统计学意义(均P > 0.05)。

    所有病例术后检出淋巴结均≥20枚[6],病理结果均经石蜡切片复阅证实。根据2016年美国癌症联合会(American Joint Committee on Cancer, AJCC)第8版胃癌TNM分期标准[7]进行术后病理分期,其中,ⅡB期17例,Ⅲ期85例。

    实验组所有患者均给予经腹食管胃交界部腺癌R0切除+D2淋巴结清扫。术前均预防性应用抗生素,术后1 d给予肠外营养、缓慢经空肠营养管给予肠内营养并床上活动。术后2 d床边活动,术后5 d排除吻合口瘘后停肠外营养,开始经口进全流食并配合鼻饲。无围手术期死亡病例。

    采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测血清中C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein, CRP)的浓度(CRP ELISA试剂盒购于RD公司)。应用美国Beckman Coulter公司生产的Epics-XL Ⅱ型流式细胞仪行流式细胞术检测CD3+、CD3+CD4+、CD3+CD8+ T细胞比例和PD-1、LAG-3表达的比值。使用直接免疫荧光法标记全血,应用Flow-Jo软件检测分析实验组术前、术后1天(1 POD)、术后3天(3 POD)、术后7天(7 POD)、术后9天(9 POD)和对照组各指标的变化情况。

    使用SPSS 22.0统计软件进行统计学处理。对计数资料采用χ2检验、计量资料采用t检验、重复测量数据采用重复测量的方差分析,P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

    实验组术前的CD3+、CD3+CD4+T细胞比例均低于对照组(均P < 0.05),而血清CRP水平和CD3+CD8+ T细胞的比例两组之间差异无统计学意义(均P > 0.05),见表 1。PD-1和LAG-3在CD4+和CD8+T细胞的阳性率实验组均高于对照组,且差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05),见表 2

    表  1  对照组和实验组术前CRP和淋巴细胞亚群对比情况(x±s)
    Table  1  Comparison of CRP and lymphocyte subsets before surgery between control group and experimental group (x±s)
    下载: 导出CSV 
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    表  2  对照组和实验组术前PD-1、LAG-3的表达情况(%)
    Table  2  Expression of PD-1 and LAG-3 before operation in control group and experimental group (%)
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    炎性反应因子—C反应蛋白水平在术后第1天迅速升高,明显大于术前水平(P < 0.05),于术后第3天达到顶点然后逐渐下降,至术后第7天仍高于术前水平(P < 0.05),术后第9天达到术前水平。而CD3+、CD3+CD4+T细胞于术后第1天均迅速下降(P < 0.01),然后逐渐回升,于术后第9天达术前水平(P > 0.05)。而CD3+CD8+T细胞于术后稍降低,仅术后第3天比例显著低于术前(t=2.089, P=0.038),其余差异均无统计学意义(均P > 0.05),见表 3

    表  3  食管胃交界部腺癌患者围手术期CRP和淋巴细胞亚群变化情况(x±s)
    Table  3  Changes of CRP and lymphocyte subsets in perioperative period in AEGJ patients (x±s)
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    CD4+PD-1+T细胞在外周静脉血淋巴细胞中的比例在术后第1天达到最大值,显著高于术前水平(14.84±4.09 vs. 12.82±3.56),差异有统计学意义(t=3.766, P < 0.001),随后逐渐下降,术后第3天仍显著高于术前水平(t=2.359, P=0.019),至术后第7天进一步下降,且接近术前水平(t=0.777, P=0.438),至术后第9天继续下降,稍低于术前水平,差异无统计学意义(t=0.450, P=0.653),但仍高于对照组(12.60±3.46 vs. 11.33±3.49),差异有统计意义(t=2.517, P=0.013)。术后CD8+PD-1+T细胞在外周静脉血淋巴细胞中的比例均高于术前(P < 0.05),并呈逐渐升高趋势,于术后第7天到达最大值(t=4.168, P < 0.001),随后逐渐下降,见表 4

    表  4  食管胃交界部腺癌患者围手术期各免疫指标的变化(%)
    Table  4  Changes of immune indexes in perioperative period in AEGJ patients (%)
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    术后CD4+LAG-3+T细胞在外周静脉血淋巴细胞中的比例呈逐渐升高趋势,于术后7天到达最大值,随后逐渐下降,但仅术后第7天明显高于术前,差异有统计学意义(t=2.199, P=0.029),其余差异无统计学意义(均P > 0.05)。术后CD8+LAG-3+T细胞在外周静脉血淋巴细胞中的比例术后1天略下降,然后逐渐升高,于术后第7天到达最大值,随后再次下降,但差异均无统计学意义(均P > 0.05),见表 4

    T淋巴细胞介导的抗肿瘤免疫反应是机体清除肿瘤原发灶、防止肿瘤转移的主要力量。T淋巴细胞总数及淋巴细胞亚群比例的变化将导致T淋巴细胞功能异常。既往研究显示:PD-1[8]和LAG-3[9]均是调节抗原特异性T细胞效应的负调节蛋白。PD-1通过活化半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3[10]和抑制γ-干扰素[11]来调节淋巴细胞的数量及功能。LAG-3表达在活化的T淋巴细胞上,是活化T细胞的抑制性受体,负性调控着T细胞功能。本研究结果证实了进展期AEGJ患者CD3+、CD3+CD4+T淋巴细胞均较正常人群低,而且PD-1、LAG-3在CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞上的表达均较正常人群高。说明进展期AEGJ肿瘤负荷较大,肿瘤细胞分泌的多种细胞因子抑制了细胞免疫功能,这与既往的研究结果[12-13]相一致。

    CRP被广泛应用于评估炎性反应和作为组织损伤的指标[14]。根治性手术创伤大,在围手术期将引起一系列复杂的生物学反应。我们发现CRP在术后迅速升高,于术后3天达顶峰,然后逐渐下降,术后9天降至正常范围,符合手术创伤后炎性反应规律。这种手术应激将进一步抑制细胞免疫。本研究发现AEGJ患者根治术后PD-1、LAG-3在CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞上的表达发生了一些改变,说明他们均在围手术期抑制细胞免疫中发挥作用。CD4+PD-1+T细胞比例在术后1天迅速升高,并到达顶峰,然后逐渐下降,到术后7天接近于术前水平。CD4+PD-1+T细胞比例的变化曲线与围手术期细胞免疫状态相一致,即术后1天细胞免疫功能障碍最明显,至术后7天部分恢复。这与Takaya等[15]在胃癌中的研究结果相符。可以认为术后各种炎性因子促进了CD4+PD-1+T细胞表达升高进而调控T淋巴细胞亚群的改变,从而抑制机体细胞免疫能力。而CD8+PD-1+T细胞的变化规律则为:术后逐渐增加,于术后7天到峰值,然后缓慢下降,说明CD8+PD-1+T细胞比例受多种因素影响,而手术创伤不是其重要的影响因素。

    LAG-3作为另一种调节抗原特异性T细胞效应的负调节蛋白可促进CD4+和CD8+T细胞的功能衰竭,并与肿瘤的不良预后有关[9]。本研究结果显示,术后CD4+LAG-3+T细胞在外周静脉血淋巴细胞中的比例呈逐渐升高趋势,术后第7天到达最大值,随后逐渐下降,但增加幅度较小,仅术后第7天明显高于术前。而CD8+LAG-3+T细胞在外周静脉血淋巴细胞中的比例在术后第1天略下降,然后逐渐升高,于术后第7天到达最大值,随后再次下降,变化幅度均较小,与术前相比,均无显著差异。由此可以看出,围手术期LAG-3在外周血CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞上表达变化均不能反映手术创伤所造成的细胞免疫抑制程度。

    综上所述,进展期AEGJ术前机体细胞免疫能力受到一定程度的抑制,而术后细胞免疫抑制进一步加重。进展期AEGJ患者围手术期PD-1和LAG-3在CD4+、CD8+T细胞上的表达均有不同程度的上调,这可能与AEGJ手术后的细胞免疫抑制有关。但仅CD4+PD-1+T淋巴细胞比例的变化规律与围手术期机体细胞免疫功能变化相吻合,说明CD4+PD-1+T淋巴细胞在术后细胞免疫功能的调控中发挥重要作用。

    Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
    作者贡献:
    唐敏:选题设计、病例资料与数据收集、文章撰写和修改
    李桂香:指导选题与设计、文章修改
  • 图  1   预测组肺癌骨转移危险因素ROC曲线

    Figure  1   ROC curve for risk factors of bone metastasis of lung cancer in the predictive group

    图  2   诊断组肺癌骨转移危险因素ROC曲线

    Figure  2   ROC curves for risk factors of bone metastasis of lung cancer in the diagnosis group

    图  3   诊断组肺癌骨转移危险因素组合模型ROC曲线

    Figure  3   ROC curves of the combined risk factors model of lung cancer bone metastasis in the diagnosis group

    表  1   预测组肺癌患者的临床特征

    Table  1   Clinical characteristics of lung cancer patients in the predictive group

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   预测组肺癌患者实验室检查资料及特征

    Table  2   Laboratory data and characteristics of patients with lung cancer

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   预测组肺癌骨转移危险因素Logistic单因素及多因素分析结果

    Table  3   Results of Logistic univariate and multivariate analyses of risk factors of bone metastasis of lung cancer in the predictive group

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4   肺癌骨转移炎性反应指标预测效能评估

    Table  4   Evaluation of predictive efficacy of inflammatory markers for bone metastasis of lung cancer

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5   诊断组肺癌患者临床特征

    Table  5   Basic clinical data and characteristics of patients with lung cancer in the diagnosis group

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6   诊断组肺癌患者炎性反应指标对比(M(P25, P75)

    Table  6   Comparison of inflammatory parameters in patients with lung cancer in the diagnosis group (M(P25, P75)

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7   诊断组肺癌骨转移危险因素Logistic单因素及多因素分析

    Table  7   Results of Logistic univariate and multivariate analyses of risk factors of bone metastasis of lung cancer in the diagnosis group

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8   肺癌骨转移相关危险因素诊断效能评估

    Table  8   Evaluation of diagnostic efficacy of risk factors related to bone metastasis of lung cancer

    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2022-04-21
  • 修回日期:  2022-06-22
  • 网络出版日期:  2024-01-12
  • 刊出日期:  2022-12-24

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