Abstract: Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. Globally, the incidence and mortality of lung cancer are very high and on the rise. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have a significant survival advantage in treating advanced NSCLC. However, for NSCLC patients with positive driver genes, ICIs are not effective. But some tumor suppressor genes have varying degrees of impact on immunotherapy through mutations or deletions. Among them, serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11) gene mutations are closely related to PD-1/PD-L1 ICIs. Studies have found that STK11 mutations are related to reduced immune cell infiltration, low PD-L1 expression and poor response to PD-L1 inhibition. This article reviews the research progress of the correlation between STK11 gene mutation and immunotherapy on NSCLC.