Abstract: Biliary tract cancer is a group of epithelial cancers associated with the biliary tract. They are anatomically divided into intrahepatic (iCCA), perihilar (pCCA) and distal (dCCA) subgroups. Up to now, surgical treatment is still the main treatment for malignant biliary tumors, but many patients are in advanced stage when they were diagnosed, the opportunity for surgery was lost, and there is still no effective chemotherapy program. Therefore, it is urgent to find an effective targeted drug. In this paper, we discuss some new ideas and molecular research of malignant biliary tumors in recent years. These molecules may be the promising targets for future treatment of malignant biliary tumors.