Objective To investigate the clinical treatment and prognostic factors of cervical small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC).

Methods We selected 101 SCNEC patients in Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital and analyzed retrospectively age, clinical stage, tumor size, treatment and survival rate. All patients were divided into surgery group (stage ⅠB1-ⅡA, surgery+chemoradiotherapy, n=72) and concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CCRT) group (stage ⅡB-Ⅳ, concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy, n=29).

Results In surgery group, 51 patients survived for 1-139 months. The 5-year survival rate was 60.6%. In CCRT group, 20 patients were followed up for more than five years, with a 5-year survival rate of 15%. The survival rates of patients with different stages were significantly different (P=0.0025); those of patients with negative and positive lymph node were significantly different (P=0.0004); those of patients with pure and mixed type were not significantly different (P=0.0546).

Conclusion The prognosis of patients with cervical SCNEC are closely related to the clinical stage and lymph node metastasis. The prognosis of early stage patients treated with surgery is significantly better than that of advanced stage patients treated with radical chemoradiotherapy.